Special Report, Americas, World
In the next section, we'll look more closely at the concepts of electrotactile stimulation. Electricity isn't the only type of stimulation used in high-tech sensory substitution devices. There are devices that use "vibrotactile" stimulation, among other means, to send information to the brain through an alternate sensory channel. In a vibrotactile stimulation device, encoded sensory signals are applied to the skin by one or more vibrating pins. Tactaid, an auditory substitution device, uses this type of technology. The idea is to communicate non-tactile information via electrical stimulation of the sense of touch. In practice, this typically means that an array of electrodes receiving input from a non-tactile information source (a camera, for instance) applies small, controlled, painless currents (some subjects report it feeling something like soda bubbles) to the skin at precise locations according to an encoded pattern. The encoding of the electrical pattern essentially attempts to mimic the input that would normally be received by the non-functioning sense.|Definition: Graph is a mathematical representation of a network and it describes the relationship between lines and points. A graph consists of some points. Lines between them. The length of the lines. Position of the points do not matter. Each object in a graph is called a node. Description: A graph ‘G’ is a set of vertex, called nodes ‘v’ which are connected by edges, called links ‘e'. Vertex (Node): A node v is an intersection point of a graph. It denotes a location such as a city, a road intersection, or a transport terminal (stations, harbours, and airports). Edge (Link): An edge e is a link between two nodes. A link denotes movements between nodes. It has a direction that is generally represented as an arrow. If an arrow is not used, it means the link is bi-directional. Transport geography can be defined by a graph. 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